What Happens When You Increase The Diameter Of The Wire What Happen To The Current

Athaur Rahman The relation betwixt length of wire and resistance

Aim –

The aim of this investigation is to detect how the length of constantan wire affects the resistance in an electrical circuit

Introduction –

Resistance is a measurment of electric current in which a object has difficulty going thorugh, the unit it is measured in is ohms. The job of the resistance is to make it difficult for the electros to motion. The resistance of an object is comfirmed past the potential diffrence across the object. In metals atoms are found in the outer shell of the electrons the electrons are known every bit delocalised electrons. These electrons are free to manouver creating the metal to be a conductor, but when a potential divergence (voltage) is applied information technology ables the electrons motion. The larger the cross department of the object the more the electrons, thus the increase rate of electric current, then there will be a low amount of resistance. The longer the conductor the harder it is for the electrons to move due to more altitude to cover, so the higher the resistance. But different materials take different affects to resistance, so therefore the material has a large touch.

The length of wire can impact resistance considering if the wire is long the electrons in the conductor have to travel more altitude and more frequent collisions will happen. Therefore the resistance is directly proportional to the length. And then if you increase the length the resistance to will increase. If the wire is short there is less distance for the electrons to travel thus there will exist a depression resistance.

Width of wire can have dramatic affect towards resistance, which is because the width is inversely proportional to resistance; therefore if you increment the width the resistance will decrease. Because there will be more than infinite for the electrons to move around this should therefore decrease the amount of collisions. But if the wire is thin the opposite reaction will happen, less space the increase rate of resistance.

Temperature has a big impact upon resistance whether the wire is hot or cold; if the wire is common cold the atoms in the wire move around slowly, it too ways the wire will have a low resistance. All the same if the wire gradually get hot this increases the movement inside the wire, causing more standoff and it is probable the usher will have a high resistance.

Lastly unlike materials can likewise take numerous affects to the resistance, some wires are good conductors some are bad conductors. Different materials have unlike amount of electrons in the outer shells this volition bear upon the wire because it the electrons are free to movement around the resistance will be low. Simply if the electrons are jam packed the resistance will be loftier.

I take analysed that in that location are four factors which can affect resistance length, width, temperature and material of the conductor have difftent affects towards resistance. In the experiment I volition exist test out the relation betwixt the length of constantan wire and how it affects resistance.

Ohms law is relevant to resistance as it states that a current going thorugh a conductor (wire) at a constant temperature is proportional to the the potential diffrence (voltage). Therfore if you take that into account it means that the resistance of a conductor is constant if the the temperature reamains besides constant. If the resistance of a conductor such as a wire increases the temperature also increases. This is due to high temperature making the particles of the conductor move effectually more quickly increasig the risk of a collison. This is known as the collision theory, particles spread through out the conductor when the particles and the reactant meet they connect causing a collison this happens more frequently if the rate of reaction increases.

I am going to calculate the resistance of constantan wire in which I will

Resistance is can exist calculated past using R= V/I where R is resistance, Five is voltage and I is electric current.

Apparatus –

In this experiment the following equipment was used:

• Ammeter (A)
• Voltmeter (Volts)
• Power Pack
• Constantan wire
• 100 cm ruler
• Wires ( to connect excursion)
• Crocodile clips

Hypothesis –

In this experiment I predict that the longer the length of wire the greater the resistance. This happens because the positive ions in the constantan wire have no space to move around and the wire is long and then it takes time for the electron to manoeuvre. But if the wire is shorter it will accept less resistance and space hence assuasive the electrons to travel around hands in less time.

^[1] 1

^[2] 2

Resistance is when it makes it more difficult for electrons to get round a excursion, but the greater the resistance the more than voltage needed to push the current through the wire, resistance happens when:

• Metals are fabricated up of positively charged ions, and costless electrons Voltmeter
• when a current flows, the electrons starts to move
• Sometimes they become slowed downwards when they bump into big positive ions.
• This is called Resistance.

Resistance can be calculated by the following formula:

Resistance, R= p.d across the wire (V)

                            Electric current through the wire (I)

The ohms law is relationships among voltage, current, and resistance as follows:

The current in a circuit is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit.

Programme-

What do I proceed the same?

To insure a fair exam in the practical I kept the voltage on the ability pack the same which was five volts. I did this because I do non want to see the relation between voltage and resistance just I want the relation between the length of wire and resistance. Taking that into account I used the same wire through out the experiment to evidence that if the temperature increases as to will the resistance.

What did I change?

In the experiment I had to show the resistance increases one time you increment the size of length in the wire. I had to change the distance in the length of the wire every 10cm to continue the experiment off-white until I got my 100cm reading. If the altitude increases not just does the resistance increase merely and then does voltage, yet the current decreases during the applied.

Safety precautions –

• Switch off the circuit when changing the wire
• Remove any unnecessary equipment from the tabular array eastward.chiliad. bags, books etc
• Do not bear upon the wire whilst the power pack is on
• In one case you off the power pack wait for the wire to cool downwards earlier changing the length
• Brand sure the plug is plugged in properly and at that place is no loose wires around
• Practice not carry out the experiment whilst next to h2o as y'all can get electrocuted
• Make sure you lot do the experiment in a wide space so you lot are not clogged upwards
•  Almost importantly do not increment the voltage of the power pack excessively as the wire will and your rubber is in harm

How did I ensure a off-white test?

To ensure the experiment was fair I decided to take the same length of wire 100cm. I besides kept the same amount of voltage entering the circuit which was five volts in the ability pack. When moving the crocodile clip every 10cm after getting the ammeter and voltage reading I switched off the power pack then the wire does not get burnt. This gives u.s. sufficient amount of time modify the altitude.

Method –

1. Collect appliance: a voltmeter, an ammeter, connectedness wires, crocodile clips, 100cm ruler, a piece of constantan and a power pack
2. Set appliance up experiment
3. Set the power pack on v volts so the current does not burn down the wire.
4. Place the 100 cm of constantan wire on summit of the ruler and in between the ii crocodile clips.
5. Turn on the ability pack and tape what the ammeter and voltmeter reads
6. Motility the crocodile clip every 10cm on the constantan wire using the ruler equally guidance until you have your 100 th  cm reading
7. Repeat the experiment seven times
8. Piece of work out the resistance for all the results using   formula
9. Calculate average resistance
10. Record your results on a graph.

Controlled variables –

• Voltage (power pack)
• Temperature (room temperature)
• Wire material

Dependent variable –

• Resistance
• Ammeter reading
• Voltmeter reading

Independent variable –

• Length of wire

Observations and measurements –

Overall the results went rather well well-nigh of the graphs have a stiff correlation information technology shows that my prediction was right, the longer the wire the greater the resistance. All the same if longer wires do no not have a loftier resistance the plots on the graph would have been everywhere and it would accept been a negative correlation. I accept taken notice in most the graphs that when results of the voltmeter increases the current in the ammeter decreases. This is considering the increased resistance reduces the amount of electric current flowing in the circuit. The greater the resistance the greater the electrical push button needed. I decided to practice the experiment seven times this is because I wanted a good average result. If I repeated the experiment 1- three times there is a risk of the experiment beingness a fluke and so past me doing the experiment seven times I reduce the possibility of any fluky results. I calculated my averages past adding all my voltmeter readings and ammeter readings and dividing the answer by how many times I done the experiments for each length, which so happened to be seven. For e.g. 1.95+ 1.96+1.99+two.03+two.10+2.fourteen+2.72=answer/vii is for 10cm voltmeter reading. Once I done this I was able to do my ammeter reading before I calculated the average resistance for 10cm constantan wire. I also took notice that every fourth dimension I repeated the experiment for all my voltmeter lengths the readings increased this shows that the temperature must take increased in the wire.

Graphs –

Results at 5 volts

Test 1-

Length (cm)	Voltmeter (5) volts	Current  (I) amps	Resistance Ω Ohms
10	1.95	three.45	0.56
20	2.55	2.29	i.11
30	two.80	ane.74	1.6
40	2.97	1.36	2.18
50	2.83	1.06	2.66
60	2.fourscore	0.86	iii.25
seventy	three.25	0.85	3.82
eighty	three.32	0.77	4.31
xc	3.42	0.68	5.02
100	3.59	0.64	5.6

Test 2 –

Length (cm)	Voltmeter (five) volts	Current  (I) amps	Resistance Ω Ohms
x	ane.96	3.57	0.54
twenty	2.69	2.43	1.10
30	3.05	one.83	1.66
40	three.24	1.45	2.23
50	three.31	1.22	two.71
60	3.43	0.95	3.61
70	3.53	0.93	3.79
80	iii.5	0.81	4.32
90	3.64	0.73	four.98
100	3.69	0.66	5.13

Test 3 –

Length (cm)	Voltmeter (v) volts	Current  (I) amps	Resistance Ω Ohms
x	ane.99	2.65	0.75
20	two.83	2.53	1.11
30	3.17	i.87	1.69
forty	3.35	1.54	2.17
50	3.55	1.29	two.75
lx	iii.51	i.05	3.34
70	3.64	0.94	3.87
eighty	3.74	0.81	4.61
xc	3.79	0.66	5.74
100	three.8	0.65	5.84

Test 4 –

Length (cm)	Voltmeter (v) volts	Current  (I) amps	Resistance Ω Ohms
10	ii.03	2.33	0.87
twenty	2.82	2.41	1.17
thirty	3.2	one.96	1.63
40	iii.42	one.46	2.34
50	3.58	ane.23	two.91
60	three.69	1.07	three.45
70	3.64	0.93	iii.91
80	three.65	0.8	4.56
xc	iii.73	0.72	5.xviii
100	3.81	0.64	5.95

Test 5 –

Length (cm)	Voltmeter (v) volts	Current  (I) amps	Resistance Ω Ohms
10	ii.1	3.61	0.58
20	2.77	2.four	1.xv
30	2.64	1.8	1.46
40	ii.77	2.4	1.15
50	2.ix	i.05	2.76
60	3.47	1.01	3.43
70	3.51	0.88	3.98
fourscore	three.7	0.81	4.56
ninety	3.75	0.77	4.87
100	3.79	0.64	five.92

Test 6 –

Length (cm)	Voltmeter (five) volts	Current  (I) amps	Resistance Ω Ohms
10	2.xiv	iii.47	0.62
20	2.83	2.4	i.17
30	3.xix	1.83	1.74
40	3.43	ane.5	2.3
50	3.57	1.23	2.9
sixty	3.67	one.07	2.42
70	3.17	0.94	iii.94
fourscore	three.79	0.82	iv.62
90	3.88	0.75	5.17
100	3.87	0.66	5.92

Test 7 –

Length (cm)	Voltmeter (v) volts	Current  (I) amps	Resistance Ω Ohms
10	2.72	3.67	0.74
20	two.85	ii.53	ane.12
thirty	3.27	i.92	1.7
40	iii.51	1.49	2.35
50	3.59	i.24	two.89
threescore	iii.64	ane.04	three.4
70	3.67	0.93	three.94
80	5.77	0.83	4.54
90	v.83	0.75	5.i
100	v.89	0.66	five.89

Boilerplate consequence –

Average Length (cm)	Average Voltmeter (v) volts	Average Electric current  (I) amps	Average Resistance Ω Ohms
10	2.12	3.25	0.65
20	2.76	ii.47	1.xi
xxx	3.04	1.85	one.64
forty	iii.24	1.4	two.42
50	3.33	i.18	2.82
60	3.34	ane.07	three.12
seventy	3.54	0.91	3.89
eighty	3.5	0.8	4.37
90	4	0.72	v.55
100	4.06	0.61	half dozen.65

Decision -

My prediction was right. Constantan wire has a loftier resistance and the longer the wire, the greater the resistance. This happens considering the electrons that move in the piece the piece of wire have to tedious downwardly considering the resistance makes information technology difficult for electrons to become from ane side of the wire to the other. The more the electrons have to bump together then the college the resistance. The textile of the wire makes a difference because some wires crusade the electrons to bump together more than others. I accept plant out that there are four factors which touch resistance

• Length of wire
• Diameter of wire
• Type of wire
• Temperature

 The type of wire makes a difference considering the electrons take to pass through the material. These electrons may find it easier to laissez passer through some materials than others e.g. Nichrome, Copper and Iron etc. As well the length of the wire will make a divergence. This is because when you have a long wire, the electrons have to squeeze together to laissez passer through the wire than they do in peradventure shorter wire. The diameter of wire affects the resistance. This is considering if the wire was thin electrons volition find it difficult to go through, and are most likely to bump into each other. All the same if the wire was thick the electrons will accept more infinite and are less likely to crash-land into each. Lastly the temperature of wire affects the rate of reaction because when the wire is cold the protons are not vibrating that much leaving electron to go laissez passer more freely. If the wire withal heats upwardly the protons starting time to vibrate which disturbs the electrons catamenia of movement. This means the higher the temperature, the higher the resistance.

Evaluation

In that location were a few awkward results this could have been considering the wires were not measured exactly to the right size or the reading on the ammeter and voltmeter was not accurate. Also if I had the adventure to repeat the experiment I would reduced the power on the power pack. This is because the wires might accept been over-heated as this will affect the resistance. Hot wires have a higher resistance then cold wires.

The method I used was okay, this was because I decided to do the experiment vii times as a precaution. If I done the experiment once there was a adventure the results may have been a fluke. I believe past doing the experiment vii times it was beneficial because information technology gave me an average result for the constantan wire.

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[i]2Short thick wires have less resistance and more infinite so information technology is easier for electrons and positive ions to move effectually.

[2]1Longer thin have college resistance and less space so information technology is harder for electrons and positive ions to move around.

What Happens When You Increase The Diameter Of The Wire What Happen To The Current,

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